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Peniarth Manuscripts Collection
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Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin

A collection of Welsh poetry, compiled by one scribe during the mid-thirteenth century, containing verse composed at various times during the period between the eighth and thirteenth centuries.
The volume includes triads (p. 27), religious and vaticinatory poetry, eulogies, elegies and numerous poems relating to the Myrddin Legend.

Leges Hywel Dda

A Latin text of the Laws of Hywel Dda, being one of the earliest, by a single scribe and dating from the mid 13th century.
The notes on a piece of paper pasted onto the inside the end cover which is now partly perished have been transcribed by Gwenogvryn Evans. There is also a loose piece of paper of modern date at the end of the manucsript with Latin words and numbers on both sides.

Brut y Tywysogion and grammar,

Secular and religious prose and narrative texts by three scribes dating from c. 1330.
The texts include a biblical history (p. 1); Brut y Tywysogion (p. 65), with a continuation from 1282 to 1332 (p. 292); Kyfoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd (p. 302); and a Welsh grammar (p. 305).

Ystoryaeu Seint Greal,

The Welsh version of the Grail legend, translated from the French. One of the best preserved of medieval Welsh manuscripts. The text comprises: ‘Y keis’, derived from La Queste del Saint Graal (ff. 1-109 verso), printed from this manuscript in Ystoryaeu Seint Greal, ed. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1992), followed by the Welsh version of Perlesvaus (ff. 110-280 verso). The junction is recorded on f. 109 verso: ‘Ac uelly y teruyna y rann gyntaf or greal. nyt amgen nor keis. Bellach dywedadwy yỽ o rann gwalchmei. ac o anturyeu y milwyr ual y kyfaruu ac ỽynt’. The only lacuna in the text is in quire 18 (see collation). The text of both parts is printed in Y Seint Greal: Selections from the Hengwrt MSS, ed. Robert Williams (London, 1876). All written in the hand of Hywel Fychan ap Hywel Goch, no doubt for his patron, Hopcyn ap Tomas, probably earlier than Jesus College Oxford, MS 111 (datable post-1382), since the awdl by Dafydd y Coed in that book refers to Hopcyn’s book of the Greal.

The Hengwrt Chaucer,

A late fourteenth-, or early fifteenth-century manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, lacking VIII(G)554-1481 (i.e., the Canon’s Yeoman’s Prologue and Tale); X(I)1180-end lost).
Doyle and Parkes’s ‘Scribe B’, the scribe of the Hengwrt Chaucer, has long been identified as having also been responsible for writing other manuscripts, including the Ellesmere Chaucer (Huntington Library MS 26 C 9). He was identified in 2006 by Linne Mooney as Adam Pinkhurst, a London-based scrivener associated with Chaucer.

Chaucer, Geoffrey, -1400

Y Brutiau,

The set of historical texts: Ystoria Dared (ff. 1-17, cols 1-66); Brut y Brenhinedd (ff. 17 verso-89, cols 67-441) and Brut y Tywysogion (ff. 89 verso-143, cols 443-665); followed by Brut y Saeson (ff. 143-145 verso, cols 665-76), breaking off abruptly in the year 979. All are very close to the corresponding texts in the Red Book of Hergest [see Brut y Tywysogyon: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and trans. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), pp. xxviii-xxix, and Studia Celtica, 12/13 (1977/78), 176]. All are written in two columns by the Red Book scribe, X91, with 2- and 3-line initials in red. Lacunae due to the loss of leaves 1 and 10 in quire 5, the whole of original quire 9, leaves 5 and 6 of quire 17, and the final quire. On the erratic foliation, see below; J. Gwenogvryn Evans numbered the columns allowing, however, in his numeration for the columns that would have been in lacunae. The text of the original f. 1 made good by a hand of [16-17 cent.] on a supplied leaf (f. 1). Headings in textura by a hand of [15 cent.] (e.g. ff. 59 verso, 87); annotation and textual correction by several hands of [15 cent.] and [16 cent.] (e.g. ff. 41 recto-verso and 93, ff. 79 and 82, ff. 94 verso and 114 verso, f. 56, f. 123 verso, ff. 127 verso and 135 verso). Rebound in [16-17 cent.]; at this rebinding quires were signed I-XVII, skipping a number somewhere between VII and XI (= quire 10).

Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig,

The manuscript is made up of five fragments. The main texts include the Credo, with a commentary; the prophecy of Merlin, with a commentary; a version of Macsen Wledig; triads; and Bonedd y Saint.
F. iv is from a musical manuscript.

Texts copied by Gutun Owain,

A prose miscellany comprising the Gospel of the Pseudo-Mathew, Transitus Mariae, the Life of St Catherine, the Finding of the Cross and other texts in the hand of Gutun Owain.

Gutun Owain, fl. 1450-1498

Statud Rhuddlan,

A manuscript containing the text of Statud Rhuddlan (the Statute of Rhuddlan) by a single scribe and dating from the second half of the 15th century.

The Hengwrt Chaucer old covers

Oak boards and their tanned leather covers, the boards possibly medieval in date, removed from the Hengwrt Chaucer (Peniarth MS 392) before the manuscript was rebound in 1956.

Husbandry and recipes

A fragment of a tract on the war between England and France; a portion of 'the tretice off housbondry that Master Grosthed [Grosseteste] mad the which was Bischope of Lyncolne ...'; a metrical story of Saint Gregory and his mother; miscellaneous cookery recipes; 'a good book off keruynge and servis vnto a prince ...'; and medical recipes.

A passional

'La passion de nostre seigneur Jhesucrist translatee de latin en francois'; and a religious poem. Illuminated.
Also included is an envelope of notes by J. A. Herbert.

A compendium of texts,

A compendium, [late 15th cent. x early 16th cent.], of works on astrology, medicine, sayings, Brut y Saeson, a short chronicle, Lives of Saints David and Gwenffrewi, Bonedd y Saint and other texts. The manuscript was previously ascribed to Gutun Owain (see Daniel Huws, Medieval Welsh Manuscripts (Aberystwyth, 2000), p. 190).

Brut y Brenhinedd

A late 15th century, or early 16th century copy, of Brut y Brenhinedd, the Welsh translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (ff. 1-107 verso). The manuscript was written on thick parchment by one scribe, probably in north Wales, following an exemplar associated with, if not partly derived from, the early 14th century Peniarth MS 21.
For recent discussions of the text, see Brynley F. Roberts (ed.), Brut y Brenhinedd: Llanstephan MS 1 Version (Dublin, 1971), and Brynley F. Roberts, 'Geoffrey of Monmouth, Histora Regum Britanniae and Brut y Brenhinedd' in Rachel Bromwich, A.O.H. Jarman and Brynley F. Roberts (eds), The Arthur of the Welsh. The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature (Cardiff, 1991), 97-116.

Geoffrey of Monmouth.

Pedigrees by Gruffudd Hiraethog, etc.

A composite manuscript. Mainly an informal collection of pedigrees, narrative and tabular, of both north and south Wales, in the hands of Gruffudd Hiraethog (pp. 1-7, 9-16, 18-22, 71-87, 153-260, etc.) and Wiliam Llŷn (e.g. pp. 26-48, 61-70, 91-152). Gruffudd was writing between 1562 (pp. 2, 20, 418) and 1564 (pp. 22, 201). On the manuscripts cited by him, see P.C. Bartrum, ‘Genealogical sources quoted by Gruffudd Hiraethog’, National Library of Wales Journal, 26 (1989-90), 1-9. Wiliam Llŷn left a few dates, e.g. 1564 (p. 95) and 1567 (p. 32). Gruffudd records many coats of arms in houses, churches, etc. (pp. 9-16, 153-260, 299-301). On pp. 531-6 he copied ‘Geirie gan Taliessin ai gyngor ai gyssul’ from ‘llyfr Ieuan ap Jhon ap Mred or Glyn’, together with triads [pp. 129-30 of Peniarth MS 137 apparently belong here]. On pp. 427-82, in the hand of Wiliam Llŷn, is an armorial in Welsh, the arms in trick, referred to on p. 479 as ‘Llyfr arfau o waith Wiliam Llyn’ [see M.P. Siddons, The Development of Welsh Heraldry, 4 vols (Aberystwyth, 1991-2006), I, pp. 44–6]. Other contemporary hands contributed: A, Huws’ X131 (pp. 49-56); B (pp. 59-60); C, Huws’ X180 (pp. 294-5); D, Huw Llŷn, south Wales pedigrees (pp. 333-62); E (pp. 363-77); F, Welsh arms (pp. 397-408); G (pp. 423-6); H, a copy of extents, in Welsh, of lands of the earl of Arundel, 26 Edward III (pp. 483-503); I, Huws’ X129, pedigrees of Maelor Gymraeg (pp. 507-30). On pp. 391-2 is a copy by Gruffudd Hiraethog of a letter from Thomas Read of Green Castle, Carm.

Llyfr Mawr Gruffudd Hiraethog,

An informal collection of pedigrees in both narrative and tabular form in the variable hand of Gruffudd Hiraethog. Compiled between 1550 (pp. 216, 303) and 1558 (pp. 151, 379, 447, 453) with later additions. Apart from pp. 405-19, the pedigrees are almost all north Welsh. On p. 2, in the hand of Robert Vaughan, ‘Y llyvr mawr y mae Gr Hiraethog yn galw hwnn’ [of which Peniarth MS 133 also formed a part, see P.C. Bartrum, ‘Notes on the Welsh genealogical manuscripts’, Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1976, 106]. For Gruffudd’s named sources, see P.C. Bartrum, ‘Genealogical sources quoted by Gruffudd Hiraethog’, National Library of Wales Journal, 26 (1989-90), 1-9.
On pp. 99-106 and 305-8 are short Welsh armorials in blazon in Welsh, the former, of south Wales bias, drawn in part from ‘llyfr Lewys y Glyn’ [Lewys Glyn Cothi] (pp. 100, 107). On pp. 3-38 is an index in the hand of Wiliam Llŷn, whose foliation 1-248, with irregularities, is on pp. 41-463. Traces of several disrupted earlier foliations survive. Collaborating hands are Simwnt Fychan (pp. 45-6, 49-53, 79, 91, 393-5, and on p. 382 an autograph englyn, and on p. 426 his signature and a calligraphic alphabet), Huws’ X179 (pp. 157-66, 169-70, 171, 327) and Richard Longford (p. 345). There appear to be five collaborating hands, some of them resembling that of Gruffudd Hiraethog: A (fols 107-15); B (p. 167); C (pp. 381-2, once a folded sheet, containing annals and englynion); D (pp. 383-91 and 429-30, the latter leaf is displaced, containing text which came, as Robert Vaughan notes on p. 383, ‘allan or llyfr gwyn o Hergest’ [printed in National Library of Wales Journal, 17 (1971-2), 238-48]); E (pp. 457-62). E, under the heading ‘Swyddinbych Kwmwd Issaled’, transcribes the pedigree of ‘Mayster Robert ap Res ap Meredyth’ [died 1534, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, s.n. Ellis Price], citing ‘iache … o waith Tudyr [A]led a Robertt Iachwr [Robert ab Ieuan ap Hywel]’; the damaged colophon on p. 462 (probably copied with the text) names the scribe ‘[ ... ]s ap Robert ysgolhaic’ and mentions his wish that the book be preserved at ‘blas Mayster Doctor [ ... ]’.

Gruffudd Hiraethog, -1564

Achau,

A composite manuscript containing:
(i) pp. 1-2. A large folio sheet, folded, containing pedigrees in the hand of Robert Vaughan, evidently part of the draft of his lost ‘Llyfr Achau y Deheudir’ [see P.C. Bartrum, ‘Notes on the Welsh genealogical manuscripts’, Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1968, 63-98, esp. 86].
(ii) pp. 3-106, 151-334. An informal collection of Welsh pedigrees mainly written by Gruffudd Hiraethog in a variable hand over the period 1554-64 (see dates on, e.g., pp. 47, 229, 237, 239, 264, 269, 281). There are substantial sections (e.g. pp. 5-19, 23, 25-6, 31-5) and many additions in the hand of Wiliam Llŷn, some dated, e.g. 1570 (p. 250) and 1572 (p. 312). Foliated by Wiliam Llŷn; his ‘Tabl’ is on pp. 5-19. There are contributions by other hands, all contemporary with Wiliam Llŷn if not also with Gruffudd Hiraethog: A, an educated secretary hand, concerned with Edeirnion (pp. 36-7 and 58); B, Simwnt Fychan (p. 39); C, Huw Llŷn (‘Llyma gof am yr amser y bu Eisteddvod ynghaerwys … 1567’, pp. 59-63); D (pp. 174-5, where he offers a deviant opinion on the ancestry of Owain ap Bradwen, citing ‘rai yneheubarth’ and ‘John Wynn Unllawiawc’, and pp. 219-22); E (pp. 191-2); F, apparently from south-west Wales (pp. 193-4 and 196-211); G, ostensibly ‘per me Morgan Elfel’, but in a hand not recognizably his (pp. 275-7); H, a bold secretary hand, concerned with Cegidfa (pp. 283-90); I (pp. 297-9). Predominantly, the pedigrees relate to north Wales, but those on pp. 153-229 are mainly south Welsh. Gruffudd throughout is characteristically helpful in naming his sources [see P.C. Bartrum, ‘Genealogical sources quoted by Gruffudd Hiraethog’, National Library of Wales Journal, 26 (1989-90), 1-9]. Apart from pedigrees, other texts in the manuscript include ‘Dosbarth Arvau … o gynulliad Wmffre Llwyd o dref Ddinbych’, in the hand of Wiliam Llŷn [printed in Transactions of the Denbighshire Historical Society, 17 (1968), 66-82] (pp. 67-90). On p. 102, Gruffudd notes ‘Henwe hen brydyddion’, evidence of his acquaintance with the contents of the Hendregadredd manuscript (NLW MS 6680).
(iii) pp. 107-50. A valuable collection of genealogical tracts, of south Wales bias, written by an excellent hand temp. Henry VIII (see pp. 143, 149). Tracts include Y Pedwar Brenin ar Hugain, Pum Oes Byd, Bonedd y Saint, Rhandiroedd Powys, besides south Wales pedigrees. Of the hand, Robert Vaughan notes on p. 107, ‘llaw Lewys Morganwc sydd yn calyn medd Rys Cain’. This attribution is rightly rejected in P.C. Bartrum, ‘Notes on the Welsh genealogical manuscripts’, Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1968, 63-98, esp. 74, and id., 1988, 37-46, esp. 41-2, where it is observed that these pages are cited elsewhere by Gruffudd Hiraethog as ‘Llyfr Lewys ap Edwart’ and as ‘Llyfr Ieuan ap Huw Kae Llwyd’. Gruffudd Hiraethog added text on pp. 141-2, which had been left blank.

Achau,

A well laid-out but unstructured collection of Welsh pedigrees, predominantly north-east Welsh, on the pattern of achau’r mamau, with decoration in red and green, in the excellent hand of Thomas ap Llywelyn ab Ithel of Bodfari. Written not before 1561 [see Peniarth MS 139ii, p. 403, once part of our manuscript] and not later than 1568 (there are additions in the hand of Humphrey Llwyd who died that year). Apart from some corrections and additions made by the scribe, it is otherwise little annotated. In addition to illustrative englynion (e.g. pp. 170, 348, 558) and short genealogical tracts it includes: an armorial, blazon in Welsh (pp. 98-112); annals, in Welsh, 1468-1551 (pp. 243-9); Y Tri Thlws ar Ddeg (p. 370); ‘llyma hen gymraec’ (pp. 495-503). The scribe’s foliation i-cclxxxxix survives on pp. 23-607; his index, the beginning wanting, is on pp. 1-21 (it includes references up to f. cccxiiii). The ink on some pages is faded and the upper edges of some leaves towards the end are damaged. Sections in Peniarth MS 139i and 139ii that are in the hand of Thomas ap Llywelyn but without his foliation appear to belong to the end of Peniarth MS 138.

Llyfr Achau Trevor o Drefalun

The pedigree of John Trevor III of Trefalun, in the hand of Wiliam Llŷn (pp. 25-109), and on p. 110 his coat of arms, written in 1569 (p. 26). On pp. 5-21 is his 'Tabl', covering pp. 25-109 only. On pp.1-4 are arms in trick and, on p. 3, draft couplets of a cywydd in his hand; further pedigrees in his hand are on pp. 112-28; on p. 114 is an autograph englyn by him with an anonymous englyn by a contemporary hand.

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